In today’s post I want to talk about outlining after the fact. Writing has structure. Essays start with an introductory paragraph laying out the premise of your argument. The following paragraphs each have a topic sentence and points that support your topic sentence. The concluding paragraph ties together all your points. A longer work such as a novel also has a structure. There is the inciting incident, rising tension, etc. etc.
After the Fact
Outlines before writing are supposed to make writing easier. Be honest. Have you ever completed an outlining assignment by writing the piece first, then using the finished product to create the outline? While I don’t recommend this for a school assignment, outlining after the fact can be a useful tool.
For example, in an essay, writing a reverse outline will show if you have used your topic sentences effectively. Is each paragraph focused? Have you given enough examples relating to the topic sentence? Have you inadvertently strayed from your essay’s main message? Have you included a powerful introduction and a strong conclusion?
Outlining after the fact with a longer piece such as a novel, will help you discover plot holes, strengthen character arcs, and compress the work so you can see themes emerge. It also helps when it’s time to write a synopsis.
But . . .
That’s a lot of work! True. But after spending months poring over a manuscript, isn’t it worth it to find and fill plot holes, flesh out character arcs, and discover hidden themes? Outlining after the fact allows you, the author, to reexamine your opus. Do the actions in the plot flow naturally from one scene to the next? Would your novel benefit from a reordering of chapters? Has the character’s voice been consistent, and if not does it fit the story?
Themes
Sometimes we don’t recognize the theme of our story until after it is written. 
Now is the time to go back in your reverse outline, and insert theme-related words, phrases, and snippets of information or dialogue that reinforce your newly discovered theme.
Looking at a condensed version of the whole in outline form, allows you to explore new dimensions. Is that character necessary for the story? Could you combine two minor characters that serve the same purpose with less clutter? Does your novel have the dreaded mushy middle? Outlining after the fact will reveal strengths and weaknesses of your work.
Writing has structure. Outlining after the fact confirms that the structure you have chosen is delivering the message you want. Happy writing!
